# Math

Updated on Dec 22, 2021 by [Alan Morel](/content/alanmorel/index.html)

## Table of Contents

1. [Arithmetic Operators](/content/classes/java/math#arithmetic-operators/index.html)
2. [Math Methods](/content/classes/java/math#math-methods/index.html)

Java makes working with math straightforward and simple. It offers the usual arithmetic operators you expect, in addition to mathematical functions and properties so that we don't need to implement them ourselves. This lets us focus on the core logic of our application.

Let's dive into some math!

## Arithmetic Operators

**Arithmetic operators** are what you use to manipulate the value of numerical variables and numbers. Here are the ones you can use:

### Addition

```java
// adding numbers
int cakes = 5;
int cookies = 7;

int total = cakes + cookies;

System.out.println("Total: " + total);
```

```bash
Total: 12
```

### Subtraction

```java
// subtracting numbers
int cakes = 14;
int eaten = 7;

int total = cakes - eaten;

System.out.println("Total: " + total);
```

```bash
Total: 7
```

### Multiplication

```java
// multiplying numbers
int cakes = 3;
int people = 7;

int total = cakes * people;

System.out.println("Total: " + total);
```

```bash
Total: 21
```

### Division

```java
// dividing numbers
int cakes = 100;
int people = 5;

int total = cakes / people;

System.out.println("Total: " + total);
```

```bash
Total: 20
```

### Modulus

```java
// modulus operator
int cakes = 100;
int people = 7;

int remainder = cakes / people;

System.out.println("Remainder: " + remainder);
```

```bash
Total: 14
```

### Order of Operations

**Order of Operations**, also known as **PEMDAS**, works just as you would expect, including parentheses:

```java
// order of operations
int result = (5 * 6) + 40 / 2;

System.out.println("Result: " + result);
```

```bash
Result: 50
```

## Math Methods

Java offers many useful **math methods** for numbers that are commonly used in calculations.

### Absolute Value

Get the **absolute number** of a number using the

```java
int number = -34;

System.out.println("Number: " + Math.abs(number));
```

```bash
Number: 34
```

### Floor

Use the `floor` method to round any number down to the nearest whole number:

```java
double number = 856.234;

System.out.println("Number: " + Math.floor(number));
```

```bash
Number: 856.0
```

### Ceiling

Use the `ceil` method to round any number up to the nearest whole number:

```java
double number = 856.234;

System.out.println("Number: " + Math.ceil(number));
```

```bash
Number: 857.0
```

### Natural Logarithm

You can get the **natural logarithm** of a number using the `log()` function:

```java
int number = 43;

System.out.println("Number: " + Math.log(number));
```

```bash
Number: 3.7612001156935624
```

### Base-10 Logarithm

You can get the **base-10 logarithm** of a number using the `log10()` function:

```java
int number = 43;

System.out.println("Number: " + Math.log10(number));
```

```bash
Number: 1.6334684555795864
```

### Maximum

Get the highest value of a set of numbers using the `max()` function:

```java
int number1 = 53;
int number2 = 64;

System.out.println("Number: " + Math.max(number1, number2));
```

```bash
Number: 64
```

### Minimum

Get the lowest value of a set of numbers using the `min()` function:

```java
int number1 = 53;
int number2 = 64;

System.out.println("Number: " + Math.min(number1, number2));
```

```bash
Number: 53
```

### Power

You can calculate the value of one number risen to the power of another number using the `pow` method:

```java
int base = 5;
int exp = 4;

System.out.println("Number: " + Math.pow(base, exp));
```

```bash
Number: 625.0
```

### Random

You can get a **random number** between `0` and `1` using the `random()` function:

```java
double random = Math.random();

System.out.println("Random: " + random);
```

```bash
Random: 0.5497127671041443
```

You can then manipulate this value to do other things like getting a random number between two other numbers, like so:

```java
int min = 4;
int max = 29;

double result = (Math.random() * ((max - min) + 1)) + min;

System.out.println("Result: " + result);
```

```bash
Result: 9.63955715156336
```

### Round

You can **round** a number to the nearest integer with `round()`:

```java
double value = 9.63955715156336;

long result = Math.round(value);

System.out.println("Result: " + result);
```

```bash
Result: 10
```

### Square Root

You can take the **square root** of a number using the `sqrt()` function:

```java
int value = 245;

double result = Math.sqrt(value);

System.out.println("Result: " + result);
```

```bash
Result: 15.652475842498529
```

That's all we got for math! 🤓🤓🤓